Zinc sulfate as an antiseptic and astringent and is used in solutions 0,1-0,25% with conjunctivitis, laryngitis, urethritis. Antibiotic that violate the bacterial cell wall, are betalak-tamnye antibiotics, glycopeptide antibiotics, cycloserine, and bacitracin. Silver nitrate (lunar caustic) in concentrations up to 2% have antimicrobial action, but in higher concentrations acts as a cautery. Most strains of staphylococci acquired resistance to benzilpeni-tsillinam as Staphylococcus these strains produce penicillinase (betalaktamazu1) - an enzyme that destroys the molecules of benzylpenicillin. In low concentrations (0,5-1%) of silver nitrate is used in communicable eye diseases (trachoma, conjunctivitis), and higher - in the treatment of skin ulcers, erosions, fissures, and for the removal of excess granulation warts. Benzylpenicillin procaine (novocaine salt of benzylpenicillin) after intramuscular injection is absorbed slowly; concentration in the blood is lower than the introduction of the sodium salt, but the duration of action substantially more - up to 12 hours Use the drug for syphilis, anthrax, diphtheria, infections, oro-hand cavity, mainly in the chronic course of diseases addict . Detergents - a substance with a high surface activity. After intramuscular injection of benzylpenicillin (sodium salt of benzyl penicillin, penicillin G) in the blood quickly created high concentration of the drug, which is held about 4 pm The drug is particularly indicated for acute bacterial infections - Acute streptococcal infections, pneumonia kruppoznoy (called pneumococci) LORinfektsiyah (pharyngitis, otitis media) Lyme disease in children, anthrax, syphilis, actinomycosis, gas gan-Grenier and other infections caused by sensitive to benzylpenicillin microorganisms. In the cytoplasmic membrane associated Natsetilglyukozamin and the resulting block of addict carries pyro-phosphate transporter C55 in the cell wall, where integrated into the overall addict of peptidoglycan. When dividing microbial cells activated mureingidrolaza, which is destroyed transpeptidnye bridges and thus cleaves the peptidoglycan (murein). In clinical practice addict mostly General Medical Condition (sodium salt of benzylpenicillin), procaine benzylpenicillin, benzathine benzylpenicillin. In addict ratio of specific pathogens isolated most effective and less toxic antimicrobial agents treatment of choice (drugs 1st series, Table 13). Astringent and slabyantisepticheski-properties. In 1929, Fleming (UK) discovered antimicrobial properties of the-Lena mold (Penicillium), and in 1940 it Compatriots Florey and Chain received penicillin. By Natsetilmuramatu when combined first-tripeptide, and then another 2 amino acids - Dala-Dala (later 5th amino acid - Dala is removed). 359). Secrete antibiotics and synthetic antibacterial means. Means that violate the bacterial cell wall, prevent the synthesis of peptides tidoglikana or break the relationship between chains peptidoglycan. Penicillin, in addition, can be administered intravenously. Benzalkonium chloride has antibacterial, protivoprotozoynoe and spermicidal action. To antibiotics, which are mainly bactericidal include, in particular, penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, polymyxins. Other salts Hg - mercury oksitsianid, mercury oxide, yellow is less toxic and are used as preservatives in conjunctivitis, blepharitis, and mercury amidohlorid - with skin infections. As an antiseptic used mainly cationic detergents, Pack-years particular benzalkonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, miramistim. Benzylpenicillin break links between chains of peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls - reduce the activity of transpeptidase, which promotes the formation of peptide bridges connecting the chain of peptidoglycan, as well as reduce the activity enzymes that inhibit mureingidralazu. and substance, more toxic or less effective, but used for the infection - a reserve drug (drugs 2nd series). Distinguish between biosynthetic and semisynthetic penicillins. In this connection may have antiseptic and cleansing action. In intramuscular preparations vary in the rate of nastuple-effect concentrations in the blood, the duration action. Benzylpenicillin act mainly on Gram-positive microorganisms. Education peptidoglycan begins in the cytoplasm. By biosinteti-symmetric penicillin are drugs benzylpenicillin and phenoxymethylpenicillin. Xeroform Primary Pulmonary Hypertension bismuth compounds. Somewhat less sensitive to penicillin gonorrhea-cocci and meningococci. This group of drugs include the waste products of microorganisms (mostly fungi) addict their synthetic derivatives. Benzylpenicillin highly effective (are the drugs of choice) in the ratio of streptococci, pneumococci, pale addict the anthrax bacillus, diphtheria bacillus, activators of gas gangrene and tetanus, Lyme disease, actinomycetes.
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